Accounting principles

Short-term trade receivables are stated at nominal value less allowance for doubtful accounts. The amount of the allowance is the difference between the asset’s carrying amount and the present value of estimated future cash flows. It is assessed based on the maturity structure. In addition, trade receivables are individually impaired if there is clear evidence of insolvency or other indications that collectability is severely endangered.

Accounting principles

Inventories are valued at the lower of purchase/manufacturing cost and net realizable value. Cost is determined using the weighted average method. Manufacturing cost includes direct labor and material as well as a commensurate share of related overhead costs. Allowances are made for obsolete and slow-moving items. Cash discounts from suppliers are treated as purchase cost reductions.

Accounting principles

Property, plant, and equipment are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation using the straight-line method. Subsequent costs are included in the asset’s carrying amount or recognized as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Group and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of the replaced part is derecognized. All other repairs and maintenance are charged to the income statement during the financial period in which they are incurred.

Items of minor value are charged directly to the income statement. All gains and losses on the disposal of property, plant, and equipment are recognized in the income statement.

Accounting principles

Intangible assets are capitalized at cost and amortized using the straight-line method over their useful life.

Goodwill represents the excess of the consideration transferred, including any non-controlling interest in the acquired business, and the book value of any prior equity interest in the acquired business at the acquisition date, over the fair value of the Group’s share of the net assets acquired. It excludes the separate capitalization of intangible assets that were not previously recognized. If the purchase price includes elements contingent on future performance, these are estimated and recognized at the acquisition date. Any difference arising at the time of the final purchase price determination will be recognized as an adjustment to goodwill and the respective assets (refer to note on business combinations and divestments (4.3)). The estimated useful life of goodwill is determined on a case-by-case basis and does not exceed 20 years.

Development costs are recognized as an asset when specific recognition criteria are met, and it is determined that the recognized amount is recoverable through future economic benefits.

Other intangibles primarily consist of licenses, patents, and advance payments. The useful life of software, developments, and other intangible assets is determined on a case-by-case basis and ranges from 2 to 5 years.

Use of accounting estimates

Property, plant, and equipment as well as intangible assets are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. To determine whether impairment exists, estimates are made of the expected future cash flows arising from the use or the net selling price of the asset.

Accounting principles

Provisions are recognized when:

• the Group has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event;
• it is probable that a use of resources will be required to settle the obligation; and
• the amount of the obligation can be reliably estimated.

A restructuring is a program planned and controlled by the Management that materially changes the manner in which the business is conducted. Costs relating to restructuring plans or agreements, including the reshaping of the organization, the discontinuation of certain activities, the streamlining of facilities and operations, and other restructuring measures are recorded in the period in which the Group commits itself to a detailed formal plan. No provisions are recorded for future expenses that are linked to a future benefit.

Use of accounting estimates

In the course of their ordinary operating activities, Group companies can face claims from third parties and incur obligations under warranty arrangements. Provisions for pending claims or warranties are measured on the basis of the information available and a realistic estimate of the expected outflow of resources. The final settlement of the claim might deviate from the realistic estimates and might result in additional expenses not yet reflected in the Group's financial provisions.

Significant judgment is required to determine the costs of restructuring plans. The actual cost might deviate from the original plan.

Accounting principles

There are various pension plans the Group participates, which are individually aligned with local conditions in the respective countries. The plans are financed either by means of contributions to legally independent pension/insurance funds or by recognition as liabilities in the balance sheet of the respective Group companies. An economic obligation or an economic benefit arising from a Swiss pension scheme is determined from the statements made on the basis of Swiss GAAP FER 26 “Accounting of Pension Plans” and are recognized in the balance sheet accordingly. The provision for pension plans of foreign subsidiaries which are not organized as independent legal entities is determined based on the local valuation methods.

Use of accounting estimates

dormakaba Group operates pension plans in various countries. The calculation of pension provisions for plans that do not have their own assets is based on actuarial assumptions, which include management estimates.

Accounting principles

Long-term held securities are recorded at fair value. All realized and unrealized gains and losses are recognized in the income statement. Other non-current financial assets are stated at amortized cost less valuation adjustments.

Accounting principles

Financial liabilities measured at amortized cost are initially recorded at fair value, net of transaction costs incurred, and subsequently measured at amortized cost. Any difference between the proceeds from disposal (net of transaction costs) and the redemption value is recognized in the income statement over the period of the borrowing using the effective interest method.